Unplanned pregnancy can be a major concern, and while condoms are a great start (offering protection against both pregnancy and STIs), there's a world of birth control options out there. Choosing the right one depends on your lifestyle and individual needs.
To help us navigate this topic, we spoke with Dr. Ooha Susmita, a respected psychiatrist and sexologist in Bangalore. She's here to shed light on the various birth control methods and how to use them effectively.
What Types of Birth Control Are Available?
"There are many," Dr. Susmita explains. "We can broadly categorize them into barrier methods, hormonal methods, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), and permanent methods."
- Barrier Methods: These prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include male and female condoms, diaphragms, and contraceptive sponges. Remember, condoms are the only methods that protect against STIs.
- Hormonal Methods: These include short-acting options like oral contraceptive pills (combined and progestogen-only), vaginal rings, contraceptive patches, and injections. These require consistent use on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
- LARCs: These are highly effective and long-lasting, including hormonal IUDs, copper IUDs, and contraceptive implants. They can last from 3 to 10 years, depending on the type.
- Permanent Methods: For those certain about not wanting children, sterilization methods like tubal ligation (for women) and vasectomy (for men) are options.
- Emergency Contraception: In case of unprotected sex, morning-after pills or copper IUDs can be used. However, frequent use can affect menstrual cycle regularity.
Are There Natural Birth Control Methods?
"Some people track ovulation through basal body temperature and cervical mucus changes," Dr. Susmita notes. "The rhythm method and fertility apps can offer some level of effectiveness, but they're not always reliable."
How Do I Use Birth Control Methods Correctly?
Dr. Susmita provides the following guidance:
- Barrier Methods: Use a new condom for every sexual encounter. Diaphragms should be used with spermicide and left in place for at least six hours after intercourse.
- Hormonal Pills: Take them at the same time every day. Missing doses reduces effectiveness.
- Vaginal Rings: Insert for three weeks, remove for one week.
- Injections: Administered every 12 weeks by a healthcare provider.
- LARCs: Minimal maintenance, but monitor for side effects.
- Emergency Contraception: Take the pill as soon as possible. Copper IUDs can be inserted within five days.
- "Always consult a sexologist before making changes, as your medical and sexual history matters," she emphasizes.
What Should I Discuss with My Healthcare Provider for Birth Control Solutions?
- Your medical history.
- Concerns about side effects.
- Reproductive goals.
- Lifestyle and preferences.
Are There Non-Contraceptive Benefits?
"Yes," says Dr. Susmita. "Hormonal methods can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce heavy bleeding, alleviate PCOS or endometriosis symptoms, and help with acne."
Be Informed, Choose Wisely
The best birth control is what you can use consistently and correctly. For personalized advice, consult Dr. Susmita here.